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2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (12): 1937-1943The role of extracellular matrix in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis and its clinical research valueLiao Jianzhao, Xia Tian
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The imbalance of extracellular matrix metabolism affects the structure support and intercellular signal transduction, cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the role of extracellular matrix in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis, and review its application prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis. METHODS: WanFang, CNKI, PubMed and MEDLINE databases were retrieved respectively with the keywords of “osteoarthritis, cartilage, cartilage cells, extracellular matrix, treatment, signaling pathway, biomarkers, tissue engineering” in Chinese and English, respectively. Articles regarding the role of extracellular matrix in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis published from 2014 to 2021 were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1)As an important component of articular cartilage, the extracellular matrix provides nutrients to chondrocytes, and forms a complex three-dimensional structure with protective effect and suitable for the growth of chondrocytes. (2)The extracellular matrix is a place for chondrocytes to exchange information with the environment, to feel and respond to external stimuli, and thereby to regulate the proliferation, apoptosis and other behaviors. (3)Extracellular matrix also contains a large number of biomarkers, such as type II collagen carboxy-terminal peptide, type II collagen α1 and matrix metalloproteinase, which can be used for auxiliary diagnosis and differential diagnosis of a variety of diseases including osteoarthritis. (4)In terms of treatment, tissue engineering strategies based on the extracellular matrix have been widely used in a variety of tissue regeneration studies and play an important role in cartilage tissue engineering, such as simple acellular extracellular matrix scaffolds, extracellular matrix scaffolds loaded with stem cells or specific drugs to induce cell behaviors, and composite scaffolds with bionic natural extracellular matrix structure and biological functions. (5)In conclusion, cartilage extracellular matrix has broad research and application prospects in the occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis. However, there are few studies related to cartilage extracellular matrix changes and the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis, and there are much fewer studies related to clinical application. However, how to make full use of the physicochemical properties of extracellular matrix and give full play to the functions of each component in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases still needs more in-depth research, in order to achieve more accurate diagnosis and staging of osteoarthritis, and provide better treatment means. Key words:osteoarthritis, cartilage, chondrocyte, extracellular matrix, treatment, signaling pathway, biomarker, tissue engineering |