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2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (16): 2504-2509Transforming growth factor beta 3 and alginate hydrogel complex on the repair of articular cartilage defects of the kneeLiu Yingsong1, Guo Xiaopeng1, Wei Mingzhu2
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have reported that transforming growth factor beta 3 combined with alginate and mesenchymal stem cells can repair cartilage defects in animal experiments. However, there is little research about the effect of transforming growth factor beta 3 and sodium alginate hydrogel combined with mesenchymal stem cells on repairing cartilage injury. OBJECTIVE: To compare effects of sodium alginate hydrogel and sodium alginate hydrogel loaded with transforming growth factor beta 3 on bone defect with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured in vitro. A suitable amount of transforming growth factor beta 3 was added into sodium alginate solution. Before transplantation, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell suspension was mixed with the hydrogel in equal volumes. Totally 48 New Zealand white rabbits were used to prepare unilateral articular cartilage defects and randomly divided into three groups. The injury group did not take any treatment; the control group was implanted with alginate hydrogel and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell suspension; and the observation group was implanted with transforming growth factor beta 3-sodium alginate hydrogel complex and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell suspension. At 12 weeks after operation, the samples were taken for gross and histological observation and type II collagen immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) General observation: At 12 weeks, the defect site of the injury group was filled with a large number of granulation tissue; the control group was filled with translucent cartilage like tissue; and the observation group was filled with new tissue. (2) Histological observation: At 12 weeks after operation, hematoxylin-eosin staining and safranin O staining showed that the defect site in the injury group was filled with more fibrous tissue, and there was a large gap in the central part. In the control group, there were more cartilage like tissue and fibroblast tissue; the surface was irregular; most of the material was degraded; and the material was surrounded by a large number of bone trabeculae. In the observation group, there was a large number of cartilage like tissue, with smooth surface and dense structure, similar to the surrounding normal cartilage tissue. (3) Immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen: only very weak positive staining was found in the injury group, while positive staining was found in the control group and the observation group, and the degree of positive staining in the observation group was significantly stronger than that in the control group. (4) RT-PCR detection: mRNA expression of type II collagen, Sox9 and glycosaminoglycan in the regenerated cartilage of the control group was lower than that of the observation group (P < 0.05). (5) The results suggest that transforming growth factor beta 3-sodium alginate hydrogel complex with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can promote the repair of articular cartilage defects and enhance the expression of articular cartilage genes. Key words:cartilage, material, hydrogel, transforming growth factor beta 3, sodium alginate hydrogel, cartilage defect, cartilage tissue engineering |