|
|
2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (17): 2775-2781Sequence of prevention for anterior cruciate ligament injury: screening, intervention and assessmentYuan Haoxiang, Xu Jing, Zeng Jinshu, Chen Hao, Yan Yelei, Chen Jiahao, Liu Qingshan, Xu Fei
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the common sports injuries in athletes and is affected by many factors. Injuries can lead to short-term physical function limitations and long-term sequelae, and all patients face a high risk of osteoarthritis after an anterior cruciate ligament injury. “Prevention” is an optimal choice at this stage. OBJECTIVE: Under the framework of the “Sequence of Prevention” model, to comprehensively review the prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injury and to preliminarily construct a programmatic prevention process for anterior cruciate ligament injury. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2020 using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscuss. Finally 68 articles were included for further review. The procedure incorporates determining the mechanism of injury, identifying injury risk factors, screening high-risk athletes, formulating the prevention plans and assessments of anterior cruciate ligament injury, so as to establish a comprehensive understanding of the prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are many research methods that focus on the mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament injury. A current research paradigm of “knee joint finite element model” simulation integrates the advantages of in vivo, in vitro and computer research, and provides new ideas for future specific individual research. The etiological factors of anterior cruciate ligament injury are more complicated, but comprehensive neuromuscular control training can effectively improve the abnormal biomechanical properties of individuals. Especially for pre-pubertal women, it may also induce the phenomenon of “neuromuscular spurt.” Therefore, comprehensive neuromuscular control training is recommended to be included in the curriculum for children as soon as possible to reduce the risk of injury. This review compiles several sets of relatively mature prevention training programs, among which FIFA11+ is the most popular pre-football warm-up program at this stage. However, the specificity of these programs for the prevention of individuals of different ages, sports events and specific injury risks needs to be further studied. A research team has developed a risk scoring tool based on the “nomogram”, the “landing hazard scoring system”, the “tuck jump evaluation” and the “QASLS scoring system,” including quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods, which are easy to operate and has low cost. These tools can be used for large-scale screening and real-time evaluation of training effects, and also point out the direction for the future development of screening and evaluation tools in various high-risk sports scenarios. Key words: anterior cruciate ligament injury, injury mechanism, prevention strategy, screening, assessment tool, intervention program, neuromuscular spurt |