2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (21): 3429-3434

Application of polyurethane materials in the repair of osteoporotic bone defects

Wang Lu, Li Limei, Li Qing, Yang Hongcai, Lan Xiaoqian, Hu Yingrui   

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Polyurethane scaffolds, as the basic framework of bone tissue engineering, have good biocompatibility, degradability, plasticity and bone conductivity, which is an effective method for the treatment of bone defects caused by osteoporosis.
OBJECTIVE: To review the therapeutic effect of polyurethane system on bone defects, and to explore the combination of polyurethane with active components of osteogenesis so as to promote research idea of the repair of osteoporotic bone defects.
METHODS: Using “osteoporosis, bone defect, polyurethane repair, polyurethane loaded drug, optimize physical structure” as English key words, PubMed was searched for articles published from 2003 to 2020. Using “osteoporosis, polyurethane repair, bone defect, loaded active factor, loaded drug” as Chinese key words, CNKI was retrieved for articles published from 2007 to 2021.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, the traditional polyurethane materials used for bone repair are not well targeted for osteoporotic bone defects, and its structural design and biological function need to be further optimized to better meet the needs of osteoporotic bone defect treatment. On the one hand, the regulation of its mechanical strength, to ensure that the necessary bone conductibility, stable internal fixation of bone defect does not occur reset loss, and to provide three-dimensional space for bone tissue regeneration; these are mainly achieved through the design of the polyurethane monomer composition and structure of new type, to ensure that the corresponding mechanical matching, to prevent the further development of the fracture and secondary fracture risk. On the other hand, in order to accelerate bone healing, it is necessary to give polyurethane bioactive components to mediate the dynamic balance of osteogenesis and osteoclasts and accelerate bone defect regeneration. In addition, in order to improve the pathological environment of osteoporosis, targeted sustained release drugs for osteoporosis have great application prospects. However, how to combine anti-osteoporosis drugs into polyurethane materials effectively, ensure its long-term controlled release, match its release kinetics with the process of osteogenesis, and control its usage within a safe range remains to be further studied in detail.
Key words: osteoporosis, bone defect, polyurethane, bone repair, drug delivery system, optimize structure, anti-inflammatory, active ion