2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (21): 3435-3444

Relationship of the design of different bone tissue engineering scaffolds with the changes of osteoconduction, osteoinductivity and biodegradability

Wang Diaodiao1, 2, Sun Yuyang3, Tian Zhuang1, 2, Zhang Chu2, Li Hanchen2, Yao Qi1, 2   

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone grafts are the main method for the treatment of bone defects in clinic. Due to the limitation of autografts and allografts, bone tissue-engineered materials have become particularly important as a substitute. The ideal bone tissue-engineered materials must have good biological characteristics, which depend on the microstructure and chemical properties of the scaffold material.
OBJECTIVE: How do different designs of bone tissue engineering scaffolds affect the biological characteristics of bone conductivity, osteoinductivity, and biological degradability of scaffolds.
METHODS: Keywords were “bone tissue engineering, osteoconduction, osteoinductivity, adhesion, diffusion, physical characteristics, chemical characteristics, structural characteristics, growth factors, ions, biological degradability, polymer, inorganic material, metal” in Chinese and English. CNKI and PubMed databases were searched for articles regarding biological characteristics of bone tissue engineering scaffolds published from January 2000 to July 2021. Finally, 91 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the design of bone tissue engineering scaffolds, factors affecting osteoinductivity and osteoconduction contain material stiffness, wettability, biochemical factors, surface biochemical structure, structural agent, pore structure, and surface morphology. In addition, the factors affecting bone inducibility also include the delivery of differentiation inducing substances. (2) The design of bone conduction and bone induction can improve the above factors, and then promote bone regeneration by promoting the adhesion of proteins and regulating the cell-scaffold interaction. (3) The biodegradability of scaffolds is mainly related to material properties, and different kinds of materials such as polymers, inorganic materials and metals have different degradation characteristics and mechanical properties. (4) In the design of scaffolds, materials with different properties can be combined to promote the degradation of scaffolds and balance the relationship between the degradation of materials and mechanical properties.
Key words: bone, materials, bone tissue engineering, design of scaffolds, osteoconduction, osteoinduction, biological degradability, mechanical properties