2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (25): 4028-4033

Preparation and sterilization method of human acellular amniotic membrane scaffold

He Qi, Xu Faya, Li Xiyan, Han Lei, Xiao Yanbing, Tu Jiao   

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Human acelluar amniotic membrane is a natural scaffold material, which obtains from the decellularization of fresh human amniotic membrane by physical, chemical and biological methods. It is rich in collagen, proteoglycan, glycoprotein, growth factor, extracellular matrix and so on. Human acelluar amniotic membrane has the advantages of good biocompatibility, natural three-dimensional structure, low immunogenicity, small rejection reaction, easy sampling and so on. Therefore, it is widely used in skin, cornea, bone tissue repair and peripheral nerve regeneration.  
OBJECTIVE: To achieve optimal decellularization by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods of human acelluar amniotic membrane and combined all the methods together.
METHODS: The articles were searched in Wanfang, CNKI, and PubMed databases published from 2000 to 2020. The key words were “amniotic membrane, acelluar amniotic membrane, decellularized amniotic membrane, decellularized human amniotic scaffolds, sterilization of amniotic membrane, tissue engineering” in Chinese and English. Finally, 56 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nowadays, all the preparation methods of human acelluar amniotic membrane have their own advantages and disadvantages. Although all of them can effectively remove most of the cell components, they also adversely affect residual extracellular matrix composition, biological activity, intact basement membrane, biomechanical properties and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to complement the advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods to improve the efficiency of decellularization. Common combination methods are chemical and biological combination, physical and chemical combination, physical and chemical/biological combination to decellularize together. Among them, the most effective method is the combination of chemical, biological (enzyme) and physical methods. First, chemical detergents were used to destroy cell membranes, and then enzyme was used to separate cell components from extracellular matrix. Finally, physical methods, such as scraping and shaking, were used to improve the efficiency of decellularization. In the end, the cells can be completely eliminated and a relatively complete extracellular matrix can be retained.
Key words: amniotic membrane, acelluar amniotic membrane, decellularized amniotic membrane, scaffolds, sterilization, tissue engineering, review