2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (28): 4539-4545

Role and regulatory mechanism of microRNA in bone tissue repair around dental implants

Yang Qiongqiong1, Li Ping2, Wang Qian3   

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The regulation of cell function is the key to bone formation on the surface of dental implants. Understanding bone reconstruction from the perspective of cells and molecules is helpful to improve the success rate of dental implants. Studies have found that microRNA (miRNA), as a key factor controlling cell function, plays an important role in the regulation of cell differentiation of bone tissue around dental implants.
OBJECTIVE: To review the regulation mechanism of miRNA in bone tissue repair around dental implants, the influence of dental implant surface morphology on miRNA expression, and the application of miRNA in bone tissue repair.
METHODS: Articles were searched by the first author on PubMed, Medline, and Sciencedirect databases. Search terms were “microRNA, bone remodeling, dental implants, mesenchymal stem cells, titanium, osseointegration”. Preliminary screening was performed by reading the title and abstract. After excluding the research and experiment unrelated to the topic of the article, 61 articles were finally included for result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) miRNAs participate in osteoblast differentiation by directly targeting Runx2 and Osterix genes or influencing other genes that enhance or inhibit the expression level of Runx2 and Osterix, and interacting with bone morphogenetic protein/Smads, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and integrin. (2) miRNAs regulate osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling by stimulating the expression of osteoblast marker genes. (3) Many experiments have confirmed that the surface morphology of titanium implants affects the expression of miRNA, and micro/nano structure can promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts better. The surface with nano rough morphology can improve the response of bone tissue repair by expressing miRNA related to osteogenic genes. (4) Micro-arc oxidation coating of titanium implants can promote the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by activating miRNAs. It is feasible to construct genetically modified tissue engineering implants by combining miRNAS with micro-arc titanium oxide implants.
Key words: bone remodeling, microRNA, dental implants, implant surface, titanium, osteoblast, osteoclast, mesenchymal stem cells, miRNA