2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (30): 4912-4920

Influencing factors of periodontal ligament stem cells promoting periodontal tissue regeneration

Wu Mengxin1, Liang Wenhong2, Yang Kun3, Han Yingying4   

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammation of tooth supporting tissue. The destruction of these tissues leads to tooth loss. Periodontal tissue regeneration is the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy.
OBJECTIVE: To review the biological characteristics of periodontal ligament stem cells and their influencing factors in promoting periodontal tissue regeneration.
METHODS: Databases of PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, ScienceDirect, and Medline were retrieved with the key words of “periodontal ligament stem cells, periodontal tissue regeneration” in English and Chinese for articles published from 2004 to 2021. The articles were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and finally 72 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Periodontitis is a widespread disease characterized by inflammation leading to progressive damage to tooth support structures until teeth fall off. A grand goal of periodontal regeneration therapy is to repair the lost or damaged supporting tissues in periodontal tissue, including alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum, and may effectively reduce the tooth loss caused by periodontitis. Stem cells for periodontal regeneration are the focus of regeneration research and it is also a potential treatment for periodontitis. Periodontal ligament stem cells may be the most suitable cells as cell sources. The in-depth study of biology also emphasizes that periodontal ligament stem cells are promising immunomodulators. However, there are a variety of factors that enhance or inhibit the role of periodontal ligament stem cells in periodontal tissue regeneration. Understanding the influence mechanism of various factors will help us to have more in-depth research in this field.
Key words: periodontal ligament stem cells, periodontal tissue, regenerate, tissue engineering, periodontitis, oral, review