2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (34): 5562-5568

Understanding of periodontal biomaterials based on the concept of bone homeostasis control and the effects on bone formation

Li Maoxue, Ding Yi, Guo Shujuan   

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is one of main diseases that cause destruction of alveolar bone and tooth loss in adults. To improve the regeneration effect, regulating bone homeostasis in periodontal tissue through modifying controllable properties of materials can effectively improve the effect of alveolar bone regeneration, which provides a popular development direction of periodontal biomaterials.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current research status of local bone homeostasis imbalance in periodontitis and periodontal biomaterial modification strategies based on the concept of regulating bone homeostasis, and to discuss the prospects and challenges of current strategies in periodontal regeneration.
METHODS: The articles were searched on Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. The Chinese and English key words were “bone, periodontal tissue, homeostasis, biomaterials, regeneration”. The publication time was limited from January 2000 to December 2020. The articles that were associated with the review content were selected according to the topic. Sixty-one articles were included for the final analysis after excluding the articles that were not related to the content of the article.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Oral microflora, its products and inflammation destroy the dynamic balance of osteogenesis and osteoclast metabolism in the periodontal tissue. (2) Physical and chemical properties of biomaterials may affect the dynamic balance of bone homeostasis of periodontal tissue. Therefore, the local bone homeostasis can be adjusted by changing the physical and chemical properties of the material. The main methods include: modifying the physical properties of the material, transmitting biological activity, adjusting inflammatory response, and inhibiting osteoclast production. (3) The concept of regulating bone homeostasis is applied to the development of periodontal biomaterials, which improves the osteogenic effect of periodontal biomaterials, and promotes the development of periodontal tissue engineering materials and clinical periodontal regeneration.
Key words: bone, periodontal tissue, homeostasis, regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoclast, inflammation, biomaterial