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2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (7): 1074-1079Core decompression combined with dental pulp stem cells in the treatment of steroid-associated femoral head necrosis in rabbitsWang Xinmin, Liu Fei, Xu Jie, Bai Yuxi, Lü Jian
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The dental pulp stem cells have strong proliferation ability and multi differentiation potential ability, which plays an important role in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Therefore, to study the therapeutic effect of dental pulp stem cells on femoral head necrosis will bring new treatment strategies and hope for patients with femoral head necrosis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of core decompression combined with dental pulp stem cells on early steroid-associated femoral head necrosis in rabbits. METHODS: Fifty-two adult healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, model group, solvent group, and dental pulp stem cell group. Except the normal control group, the model of steroid induced osteonecrosis of femoral head was established in the other three groups. After successful modeling (the 4th week), core decompression was performed on the right side in the solvent group and dental pulp stem cell group. The dental pulp stem cell group was injected with dental pulp stem cells in the decompression hole of the femoral head, and the solvent group was injected with the same volume of sodium chloride injection at the same time. There were three injections in the 4th, 5th and 6th weeks. At the 12th week, indicators such as bone density, bone morphology parameters, empty bone lacuna rate, and bone trabecular area ratio were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Imaging examination showed that the treatment effects of solvent group and dental pulp stem cell group were significantly improved compared with the model group. Bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and bone mineral density of femoral head in the dental pulp stem cell group were better than those in the solvent group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the normal control group, the empty bone lacuna rate and trabecular area ratio of the dental pulp stem cell group were closer; the empty bone lacuna rate of the solvent group was higher than that of the normal control group (P < 0.05); and the trabecular area ratio was lower than that of the normal control group (P < 0.05). The empty bone lacuna rate of the solvent group and dental pulp stem cell group was significantly lower than that of the model group (P < 0.05), and the bone trabecular area ratio was significantly higher than that of the model group (P < 0.05). (3) The results indicate that the treatment of early femoral head necrosis by using core decompression combined with dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells is better than that of simple core decompression. Key words:stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, core decompression, steroid-associated femoral head necrosis, rabbit, pathology, animal model |