2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (9): 1439-1444

Human salivary components and osteoporosis/osteopenia

Zhu Chan1, 2, Han Xuke1, 2, Yao Chengjiao1, 2, Zhou Qian1, 2, Zhang Qiang3, Chen Qiu1, 2

1Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; 2Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China; 3Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China

Received:2021-07-14 Revised:2021-07-15 Accepted:2021-08-14 Online:2022-03-28 Published:2021-12-10
Contact: Chen Qiu, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
About author:Zhu Chan, Doctoral candidate, Attending physician, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
Supported by:
National Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Clinical Collaboration Project for Major and Intractable Diseases, No. CYW2019079 (to CQ); State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Project, No. SATCM-2015-BZ(204) (to CQ); Chengdu Key Technology Application Demonstration Project, No. 2019-YF09-00094-SN (to CQ)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a critical public health issue among the world. Early screening and diagnosis for high-risk groups can effectively prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis related fractures. As a non-invasive and safe strategy, saliva is expected to be alternative choice in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential salivary diagnostic markers through systematically reviewing the current studies of salivary component analysis in osteoporosis/osteopenia.
METHODS: Databases, including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical database (VIP), Wanfang database, and Chinese Biomedical database (CBM), were searched from inception to June 1, 2021 to collect all related trials. Grey literature was also searched. All relevant studies involving salivary component and osteoporosis/bone mass analysis were obtained to evaluate its methodological quality and to screen tests that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria; methodological quality was evaluated; baseline characteristics, diagnostic methods, observation indicators, and test results were recorded.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of eight relevant trials were selected in this review. Among them, there were five cross-sectional studies (two high-quality articles and three medium-quality articles) and three case-control studies (one high-quality article and two medium-quality articles). Eight included trials focused on 12 salivary components, including salivary minerals (Calcium, Zinc, Phosphorus, Copper), typical bone turnover markers (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, CTX, P1NP), bioactive peptides (Ghrelin, Obestatin, α-defensins) and salivary pH value. Salivary calcium might be the most promising salivary markers for osteoporosis; nevertheless, the relationship between salivary cortisol and bone mass deserves further study.

Key words:saliva, salivary calcium, biochemical markers, osteoporosis, osteopenia, systematical review

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