2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (10): 1534-1540

Platelet-derived growth factor BB promotes proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells

Chen Jiana1, 2, Nie Minhai1, 2, Hu Xinyue1, 2, Liu Xuqian1, 2   

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Human periodontal ligament stem cells have the potential for multidirectional differentiation. Under certain conditions, they can differentiate towards osteogenesis and induce bone tissue regeneration. Therefore, human periodontal ligament stem cells, as one of bone tissue engineering seed cells, have good research prospects and clinical application value in bone regeneration and repair of alveolar bone defects caused by periodontal disease.  
OBJECTIVE: To explore the functional characteristics of platelet derived growth factor-BB in promoting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells, aiming to provide relevant laboratory evidence for bone regeneration and repair of alveolar bone defects.
METHODS: Human periodontal ligament stem cells were taken from the periodontal ligament tissue of orthodontic extraction patients in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University. The growth curve of passages 1-6 human periodontal ligament stem cells and the proliferation curve of human periodontal ligament stem cells under the action of different concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor BB were drawn by CCK-8 assay. Passage 3 human periodontal ligament stem cells were divided into blank control group, osteoinduction liquid group, osteoinduction liquid + platelet-derived growth factor BB group. The formation of mineralized nodules after induction for 7, 14, and 21 days was observed by mineralized experiment. RT-qPCR and western blot assay were used to detect the relative expression of Runx2 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 mRNA and protein.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) CCK-8 assay results showed that the passages 2 and 3 human periodontal ligament stem cells in logarithmic growth phase were significantly higher than that of the other passages (P < 0.05). (2) At the same time point, the proliferation of human periodontal ligament stem cells in 100 μg/L platelet-derived growth factor BB group was significantly better than that in 0, 50, 200 μg/L platelet-derived growth factor BB group (P < 0.05). (3) 100 μg/L platelet-derived growth factor BB combined with osteoinduction liquid had an obvious osteogenic induction effect on human periodontal ligament stem cells. On day 14 of osteogenic induction, compared with the osteoinduction liquid group and the blank control group, mRNA and protein expression levels of Runx2 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 were significantly increased in the osteoinduction liquid + platelet-derived growth factor BB group (P < 0.05). (4) These resuls indicate that platelet-derived growth factor BB can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells.
Key words: human periodontal ligament stem cell, platelet derived growth factor, proliferation, ossification, alveolar bone defect