2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (26): 4239-4245

Metabolomics evaluation of periodontitis: biomarkers, pathological mechanism and systemic relationship

Zhao Zirui, Hu Qiaoyu, Qi Xia, Liu Qing   

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, metabolomics technology is developing rapidly, and its research scope is very extensive. It can detect the global dynamic changes of small molecule metabolites in the whole body, such as the specific metabolites produced by the body when studying oral diseases. It provides new ideas for exploring the pathogenesis, pathogenic process, early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of oral diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To review the application progress of metabolomics in periodontitis in recent years and prospect the existing problems and improvement methods, thereby providing reference for the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis.
METHODS: The first author searched the relevant literature from August 2010 to August 2020 in CNKI, WanFang, FMRS, Web of Science and PubMed databases. The search terms were “metabolomics, metabonomics, periodontitis, saliva, gingival sulcus fluid” in Chinese and English. After initial screening, 52 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, the sample sources of metabolomics research on periodontitis are mainly saliva, gingival sulcus fluid, serum, urine, cells, bacteria and tissues. Different sample sources have different advantages and disadvantages. The related research results of metabolomics and periodontitis mainly focus on the changes in metabolic pathways, such as protein, fat, carbohydrate and nucleotid. And these results are applied to identify the biomarkers of periodontitis, explore the pathological mechanism, treatment, and relationship with systemic diseases. They provide a new idea for the clinical and experimental research on periodontitis from the perspective of small molecule metabolites.

Key words: metabolomics, metabonomics, periodontitis, metabolite, saliva, gingival sulcus fluid