2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (8): 1300-1305

Immunoinflammatory microenvironment after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury

Gao Yu, Han Jiahui, Ge Xin   

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The changes in the immunoinflammatory microenvironment after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury affect injury repair and prognosis.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress in the immunoinflammatory microenvironment after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury
METHODS: PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched for relevant studies using the keywords of “spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion, inflammation, microglia, astrocytes, macrophages, crosstalk” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 42 relevant articles were included for further review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Changes in the immunoinflammatory microenvironment can regulate nerve cell injury and repair after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. For example, microglia can be differentiated into M1/M2 phenotypes to regulate inflammatory responses, resist infectious sources, remove apoptotic and damaged cells, and reshape inappropriate neural connections, thereby helping the nervous system restore homeostasis. Astrocytes can regulate immune process through differentiation into A1/A2 phenotype to maintain homeostasis in the central nervous system and neuronal function under the stimulation of inflammatory factors. Macrophages can regulate immune process and repair injured spinal cord tissue by differentiation into M1/M2 phenotype. Microglia, astrocytes and macrophages also affect each other. For example, after spinal cord injury, microglia are the first to activate and release inflammatory factors to induce the activation of astrocytes and then release corresponding cytokines, chemokines, and Ca2+ to regulate the phenotype and function of microglia. Maintaining the homeostasis of immunoinflammatory microenvironment is the key to the treatment of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Key words: spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammation, immune cell, microglia, astrocyte, macrophage, crosstalk, review