2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (28): 5994-6002

Effect of silicate bioactive glass fiber on properties of calcium phosphate bone cement

Lu Yuzheng1, 2, Xiong Yingjie2, Shan Yanbo2, Ye Jianting2, Wu Yanbin2, Song Jipeng1, Zhang Yao1, 2, Lin Wancheng1, 2, Weng Qirui2, Cheng Xuan2, Meng Haoye2, Xu Wenjing2, Peng Jiang2, Ding Lixiang1   

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of calcium phosphate bone cement is limited due to its poor mechanical properties and weak osteogenic ability. Silicate bioactive glass is highly favored due to its excellent biological activity and osteogenic ability. Simultaneously, fiber structures can enhance the mechanical strength of materials.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and osteogenic effect of silicate bioactive glass fiber composite calcium phosphate bone cement.
METHODS: Different mass percentages (0%, 10%, and 20%) of silicate bioactive glass fiber were added to the solid phase of calcium phosphate bone cement, mixed with the liquid phase and cured for 48 hours to obtain silicate bioactive glass fiber composite calcium phosphate bone cement. The mechanical properties, setting time, and ion precipitation of the cement were characterized. The three groups of bone cement extracts were co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells. The cell compatibility of the materials was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, live/dead staining, and phalloidin staining. After osteogenic induction, the osteogenic induction ability of the materials was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, RUNX2 immunofluorescence staining, and RT-PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With the increase of silicate bioactive glass fiber content, the compressive strength and flexural strength of bone cement increased, and the setting time was prolonged. When bone cement was immersed in simulated body fluid, the precipitation of silicon ions, calcium ions, and phosphorus ions could be detected. Moreover, with the increase of silicate bioactive glass fiber content, the mass concentration of silicon ions and phosphorus ions released by bone cement increased, and the mass concentration of calcium ions decreased. (2) Live/dead staining and phalloidin staining results exhibited that silicate bioactive glass fiber composite calcium phosphate bone cement had no toxic effect on MC3T3-E1 cells. CCK-8 assay results showed that silicate bioactive glass fiber composite calcium phosphate bone cement could promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells. (3) With the increase of silicate bioactive glass fiber content in bone cement, the alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular calcium deposition of MC3T3-E1 cells increased, the expression of RUNX2 protein increased, and the expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and RUNX2 mRNA expression increased. (4) The results indicate that silicate bioactive glass fibers can enhance the mechanical properties and osteogenic induction ability of calcium phosphate bone cement, among which 20% silicate bioactive glass fibers have a more obvious effect.

Key words: bone defect, bone cement, silicate bioactive glass, calcium phosphate bone cement, bone graft