2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (34): 7423-7430

Application of biodegradable magnesium and magnesium-based materials in oral diseases

Zhao Cong1, Fu Huiyuan1, Su Nite1, Ji Jie1, Zhang Lei1, Wang Yaxian2   

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnesium and magnesium-based materials have good biocompatibility, stable osteogenic properties, and biological activities such as vascularization and immune regulation, and show a broad application prospect in stomatology.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the mechanism of magnesium-based materials in the treatment of oral diseases in terms of osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation, and to review the application prospects of magnesium and magnesium-based materials in the field of oral diseases in recent years.
METHODS: Chinese search key words were “magnesium, magnesium alloys, magnesium-based metals, fractures, implants, restorations, endodontics, periodontitis, periodontal disease, cysts, oral cancer.” English search key works were “magnesium, magnesium-based alloy, fracture, facial bone fractures, denture, dental implant, restorative dentistry, pulpitis, periodontitis, periodontal diseases, oral cancer.” The articles were retrieved on CNKI, WanFang, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. By analyzing and reading literature for screening, 84 articles were finally included for review.
Results and conclusion: Magnesium and magnesium-based materials can be used as bone internal fixation devices for jaw fracture or orthognathic surgery. Due to the special biological properties of magnesium, it can not only ensure stable osteogenesis, but also avoid the possibility of secondary surgery, which has the potential to be widely used. In the field of bone regeneration in stomatology, magnesium, relying on its superior biological properties, shows better mechanical properties and antibacterial properties than existing clinical materials, providing more options for the development and application of materials in this field. With the help of the biological activity of magnesium, magnesium-based coating materials give full play to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, further promote implant bone bonding and soft tissue integration, and have great application prospects in implant surface modification and promoting implant stability. Although magnesium has been involved in maxillofacial intraoral soft tissue regeneration and treatment, dental tissue engineering, there are still a lot of gaps. To ensure the stable biological characteristics of magnesium, it is usually necessary to add other alloys or carry out magnesium surface modification. However, the biological evaluation system of degradable metal implants is not perfect at present. The clinical application of magnesium in oral diseases still needs to be further clarified in the future.

Key words: magnesium, stomatology, maxillofacial fracture, oral implant, clinical application, engineered oral material